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         UNIVERSAL PUBLIC SERVICE EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION                              ​​

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    UPSEN WORLDWIDE WIRELESS WARNING PROGRAM

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A revenue-sustained solution for establishing ‘Early Warning for All’

as a universal feature of wireless telecommunications…

 

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A Summary Presentation by

the CIVIL EMERGENCY ALERT SERVICES ASSOCIATION

Of Critical Communications Working Groups

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PUBLISH DATE: SEPTEMBER 15, 2025

© CEASA GROUP LLC

D.D. Weiser, Director

 

ALL Information provided in this document may be freely used for educational or noncommercial purposes, provided that the material is accompanied by a full acknowledgment

 

 

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Global Mobile Emergency Notification: Challenges and Pathways

 

The Urgency of a Unified Warning Systems

The increasing frequency and scale of both natural and societal threats highlight the critical importance of the United Nations' 'Warning for All' initiative. As disasters ‘have no borders’, the need for emergency notifications that reach multinational audiences has become apparent. Currently, emergency alerts are managed at the national level, with no requirement for international harmonization. This gap underscores the necessity for a coordinated worldwide warning system.

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Wireless Emergency Alerting: A Global Tool

With more than eight billion mobile users worldwide, wireless emergency alerting is becoming an essential component of disaster risk management. The responsibility for disseminating emergency alerts is no longer limited to governments; it now reflects the growing role of personal telecommunications in public safety

The Universal Public Service Emergency Notification (UPSEN) program offers a revenue-neutral solution that enables an alliance of satellite and cellular mobile telecommunication networks to deliver Wireless Emergency Alerting (WEA) services worldwide. The UPSEN Program and system supports the World Meteorological Organization's Global Multi-Hazard Alert System without requiring government intervention or financial investment.

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Implementation and Direction

As there are no technical, financial, or political objections to the UPSEN Program and the need has been well established, the eventual availability of worldwide wireless warning is highly probable. Nonetheless, should the United Nations EW4A Panel be unable or unwilling to direct its establishment, responsibility for deployment will likely shift to multiple commercial and political organisations, which will substantially diminish the humanitarian benefit.

 

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“Today I announce the United Nations will spearhead new action to ensure every person on Earth is protected by early warning systems within five years.” UN Secretary-General António Guterres

 

 

LAUNCHED IN 2022 BY UNITED NATIONS SECRETARY-GENERAL, ANTÓNIO GUTERRES, ‘EARLY WARNINGS FOR ALL’, EW4A, IS A GROUNDBREAKING INITIATIVE TO ENSURE THAT EVERYONE ON EARTH IS PROTECTED FROM HAZARDOUS EVENTS THROUGH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LIFE-SAVING EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS...

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The emergence of satellite personal telecommunications with global penetration, has made ‘Early Warning-for-All’ technologically and financially feasible.

While wireless warning systems have been deployed in over forty nations, two-thirds of the world is unable to justify the infrastructure and cost to support land-based mobile alerting.

Regulatory nations can satisfy the UN EW4A initiative without cost by granting the mobile spectrum needed for LEO direct-to-phone systems to deploy Universal Public Service Emergency Notification broadcast messaging ‘quid pro quo’.

 

 

 

 

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What are THE CHALLENGES ​

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In 2002, Thomas Wheeler, then president of the Cellular Telecommunication Industry Association, (CTIA), defined the challenges to cellular emergency alerting as, “Not technically impossible, not economically impossible, but unless revenue based, politically impossible!”…

 

• Technical Challenges:

Wireless broadcast messaging is highly effective for the distribution of time-sensitive emergency notifications, but cellular service covers less than a third of the Earth’s landmass. To achieve worldwide warning, a common platform capable of providing seamless cross-border dissemination of emergency information by terrestrial and satellite telecom messaging is required.

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• Economic Challenges:

The cost of implementing broadcast messaging in cellular telecom networks combined with investmentsfor content platforms, and staff training, have prevented over 85% of nations from implementing wireless emergency alerting, resulting in many of the most vulnerable populations unprotected.

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• Political Challenges:

UPSEN must comply with national sovereignty and policy considerations:

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What is WIRELESS EMERGENCY ALERTIN (WEA)

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The grid of wireless telecom transmitters that allows emergency authorities to selectively connect with ‘at-risk’ population groups through wireless devices routinely owned and carried by over eight billion people, defines Wireless Emergency Alerting...

WEA is now universally accepted as the most effective media for the timely dissemination of emergency alerts and warnings.

 

• WEA Messaging Technologies:

1)  Cellular

>Short Messaging Service (SMS):

SMS Is a 'One-to-One' connectivity managed by an SMS Gateway. Each alert is sent individually, which allows tracking of the received messages which permits responders to know user locations and identities. However, SMS requires the maintenance of a user database and messaging can be delayed due to network load.

>Cell Broadcast (CB):

CB Is 'One-to-Many' mass-messaging system was developed by the industry to transmit real-time emergency alerts to unlimited recipients in a selected geographic area. CB messaging has the benefit of not affecting or being allected by, network traffic loads and can only be sent by the wireless operators assuring their authenticity,

2) Direct-to-Device (D2D)

>LEO Satellites: Provides broadcast messaging to regions where cellular infrastructure is not deployed,

>Aerial Messaging Platforms: AMPs are used for radio dispatch, and cellular messaging when mobile telecom infrastructure is not available,

 

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Sec III: What is CEASA

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Formed in 1988, the Civil Emergency Alert Services Association (CEASA) is an informal association of volunteer engineers, academics, and emergency authorities…                                                                                    The association is dedicated to the independent research and deployment of critical communication technologies that have potential humanitarian benefit but are lacking sufficient profit potential to support commercial development

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• CEASA History:

During a visit to tsunami-stricken Sri Lanka in 2005, the association’s Honorary Secretary General, Mark Wood, listened to residents of the fishing village Ahungelle share their fear of the unannounced terror from the sea, which had made them afraid to sleep at night.

 

• CEASA Initiative:

The CEASA's goal is to provide all peoples better access to critical information regarding unseen threats, assuring peace of mind “So we can all sleep at night”,

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• CEASA Mission:

The Civil Emergency Alert Services Association mission is to establish the need, availability, and commercial viability of existing and emerging wireless technologies for mitigating disaster risk and reducing public vulnerability.

 

• CEASA Objective:     

To develop trust protocols that define how private assets can be used to provide public benefit through globally harmonized and financially sustainable initiatives.

 

• CEASA Pledge:       

CEASA is, and shall remain, an independent resource,

 

• CEASA Vision        

It is the vision of CEASA to save lives, relieve suffering, and restore order, through effective dissemination of critical information,

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What is UPSEN

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Universal Public Service Emergency Notification (UPSEN) is an alert and warning dissemination service…

UPSEN allows wireless telecommunication service providers to passively compile and broadcast emergency alert messaging as a public service obligation of spectrum licensing. The UPSEN enabling costs are service is recovered by nominal industry surcharge applied to mobile users who receive the benefit of UPSEN enhanced safety and security.

 

• UPSEN Acquisition:

UPSEN can be offered at no cost to regulatory nations needing to implement a public warning capability by the licensed wireless operators.

 

• UPSEN Personal Alert messaging practices are held to three recognized principals: 

1. CAP compliance,

Authenticates the non-repudiation of alert originators and verifies alerting actions comply with territorial authorization,​​

2. Mandate compliance,

Required action directives are the exclusive right of governments and cannot be superseded by ‘outside’ organizations,     

3. National Regulatory Framework,

All nation states must have regulatory bodies responsible for the orderly administration and licensed use of radio spectrum according to international agreements.  

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What is THE UPSEN FEASIBILITY

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There are no technical, economic, or political objections Universal Public Service Emergency Notification, deployment is inevitable…

• The UN HAS ESTABLISHED THE NEED

• ALL MESSAGING IS SECURED BY COMMON ALERTING PROTOCOLS

• NOTHING IS BOUGHT

• NOTHING IS SOLD

• REVENUE SUSTAINED

• ALL ACTORS PROFIT

• ALL HUMANITY BENEFITS 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What is THE ROLE OF WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS

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With over eight billion people now owning and carrying mobile telecommunications devices…

emergency messaging has become synonymous with disaster risk management, and a logical roll of Personal Telecommunications.  With the need, feasibility, and functional benefits of wireless emergency alerting having been thoroughly established, providing emergency warning can no longer be considered solely the responsibility of governments,

 

• Functional Assets:

The combined broadcast coverage of land-based and satellite personal telecommunication systems interfaced through the UPSEN Enabling Platform will deliver universal all-hazards warning,

 

• Spectrum Obligation:

The assigned use of public radio spectrum for wireless telecommunications implies the obligation to provide public benefit,

 

• Background:

Personal Telecommunications markets enhanced safety.

1993, the GSM, (Global Mobile Service), committees formulated industry standards for ‘Point-to-Multipoint’, (i.e. Cell Broadcast CB) messaging, for the mass distribution of some classes of information such as time-sensitive emergency warnings,

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1995, In a letter to FCC chairman Reed Hunt, CEASA, informed the commissioner that the emerging grid of low-range G2 cellular transceivers could be adapted to deliver location-specific emergency alerts as called for by FCC rulemaking, with the stated purpose of reforming the Emergency Broadcast System into an Emergency Alert Service, 

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1997, CEASA was invited to participate in the White House Office of Science and Technical Policy's (OSTP) National Disaster Information Systems, NDIS committee for Effective Disaster Warning, concluded that the association’s position that cellular broadcast messaging was the best media available for providing emergency notifications, was valid, 

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1998, CEASA introduced the concept of using cellular broadcast messaging for geo-specific notification of imminent threats to public safety to the UN ITU,

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1998, the first patent protection for a Cellular Activated Emergency Notification, (CAENS), system was granted 

 

2000, the ‘Fifteen Points of Effective Emergency Alerting’ Certification for use of the CEASA CellAlert registered trademark, was introduced,

 

2004, the association conducted the first cellular network demonstration of Cellular Emergency Alert Service, establishing that the cell broadcast messaging functionality was, contrary to the US industry position,  operational in all GSM standard handsets.

 

2010, Florida State conduced a ‘Proof-of-Concept’ trial of Cellular Emergency Alert Service, in a partnership with MetroPCS, Syniverse, and Alcatel Lucent/Nokia. using the cell broadcast gateway operating system developed by CEASA Working Group contributors. 

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2012, saw the deployment of Wireless Emergency Alert, WEA, service in the US using the Aggregator Gateway system developed by the CEASA Group members, and patented by CellCast Technologies LLC,  

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What is THE UPSEN PROGRAM

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The UPSEN Program is in recognition that ‘Early Warning for All’ requires a global solution...

While there have been considerable advancements in identifying imminent disaster threats, humanitarian benefit ultimately relies on the effectiveness by which citizens-at-risk are warned…  

• Technical Aspects:

1. The Data-Side components replace national ‘push-data’ aggregator gateways with a single ‘pull-data’ Syndication Utility that collects and processes emergency data posted by alert authority Information Hubs for distribution by wireless technologies,

2. The Radio-Side Components define the broadcast geocoordinates, formats Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) data to interface with terrestrial and extraterrestrial wireless technologies, and if required, passively enables mobile networks to broadcast emergency messaging,

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• Financial Aspects:

UPSEN operating revenue is generated by monthly surcharges on mobile users not investments by nations, many of which are economically underdeveloped and the most vulnerable. The acquisition of an UPSEN enabling subscription positions mobile operators to offer regulatory nations no-cost Wireless Warning in quid pro quo for spectrum considerations, while facilitating the creation of commercial markets for broadcast spectrum and traffic,

 

• Administrative Aspects:

The UPSEN Program requires wireless emergency alert messaging to be administered by a nonprofit association of wireless operators in an alliance with the regulatory nations and a CEASA advisory board,

 

• Program Initiatives:

UPSEN aims to achieve these commitments

1. Jointly deploy Universal Public Service Emergency Notifications as a standard public safety feature,

2. Provide for standardized internationally harmonized warning protocols,

3. Arrange for the underwriting of the setup costs,

4. Institution of a self-sustained funding plan,

5. Establishment of agreed terms for accessing required network operations data,,

6. Support the allocation/reallocation of mobile spectrum for non-terrestrial and direct-to-phone emergency messaging services,

7. The exemption of technology licensing for public safety use,

8. Position UPSEN as a complement to national and commercial warning systems,

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• Public Benefits:

1. UPSEN integrates satellite and cellular networks to ensure ‘Warnings for All’.  

2. Whereas only wireless networks can initiate a Personal Alert, the validity of the information received is assured.

3. UPSEN remains operational when voice and text messaging services have been compromised.

4. Recipient identities remain unknown.

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• National Benefits:

Regulatory nations need only to accept a wireless telecom providers’ offer to deploy the no-cost Personal Emergency Alert messaging in their jurisdiction market,

 

• Risk Management Benefits:

1. The UPSEN program reduces disaster costs by providing affected populations with timely resource and recovery update information.

2. UPSEN includes the use of unmanned Aerial Messaging Platforms (AMPs) to maintain continued access to authoritative instruction when mobile networks are disabled,

3. UPSEN addresses the lack of mass-notification in under-developed regions aiding efforts against human and child trafficking by establishing regional notifications,

4. UPSEN lowers disaster-related costs by supplying affected populations with timely resource and recovery information.

 

• First Responder benefits:

The UPSEN Program can provide unmanned aerial platform and satellite messaging as a backup of command-and-control radio dispatch system.

 

• Information Society benefits:

Alert information authorities gain a real-time data syndicating capacity to expand public access to geo-targeted critical event information,

 

• Wireless Telecom Provider benefits

1. The ability to provide users emergency warning without a legislative mandate.

2. Fair compensation for the use of private infrastructure and spectrum assets to provider a non-revenue public-benefit,

3. The pro-bono realization of 'EW4A' can assist LEO satellite spectrum allocation and facilitate integration with terrestrial wireless telecom.

4. Implementation of a global wireless data dissemination media will provide commercial traffic revenues,

 

• Wireless Industry Benefits

Wireless communications and emergency management vendor markets will have a five hundred percent expansion of their markets,

 

 

 

 

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What is THE PERSONAL ALERT FEATURE

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Personal Alert™ is the UPSEN mobile messaging feature that supports the UN Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction…

Intended to establish worldwide wireless warning for all nations, Personal Alert messaging also provides internationally standardized alerting to address  transient populations 

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• Currently all emergency warning services are owned and operated by individual nations:

1. There is a recognized need for cross-border dissemination of critical event information.

2. Effective disaster risk management requires a widely accepted method for authority-to-citizen data dissemination.

3. Most emergency notifications are structured to address hydro-meteorological threats.

4. Most wireless emergency alert services do not provide for post-event international relief agency advisories,

5. Child and human trafficking event management lacks a cross-border notification capabilities needed for promote incident reporting.

6. Non-broadcast delivered alert messages, such as SMS texts and social media, are increasingly being exploited by malicious actors.

 

• Handset Performance is determined by the mobile terminal providers in compliance with 3GPP Standards:

1. UPSEN Personal Alerts are default displayed in English, and the user-selected language.

2. The broadcast messaging feature may be ‘hidden’ in some G-2 and G-3 terminals,

3. Not all cellular handsets are compatible with satellite messaging,

4. Connectivity to an UPSEN enabled network can be identified in the handset notification bar,

 

• Message Content:

UPSEN does not originate or receive emergency content. All alert and advisory information is selected from designated alert authority data hubs.

 

• UPSEN Notification Levels:

UPSEN has four levels of alert messaging in compliance with the international standard 3GPP 023.041..

Level One: ALERT,

Requires immediate action to be taken and is identified by an intrusive alert tone that follows the ATIS 700036 logic. Level One Alerts require government authorization and cannot be deselected,

Level Two: WARNING,

Reserved for identifying potential risks to public safety, including child trafficking events. Currently, there is no standard for permitting a level two alert tone and will be indicated by the message receipt tone. Level Two Alerts can be deselected,

Level Three: ADVISORY,

Provides for the dissemination of post-event recovery information with alerting announced by the standard message receipt tone. Level three Alerting can be disabled,

Level Four: Closed User Group

Reserved for backup communications, and systems testing. This notification level is an opt in application and cannot be received by the general population. Level Four may also be used to drive app-based and M2M programs,

 

 

 

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 How is UPSEN ENABLED 

 

Personal alert messaging is implemented in wireless networks by an opt-in interface to the UPSEN Enabling Systems Platform…                

The enabling process employs a Wireless Passive Data Syndication Utility (PDSU) platform for the centralized collection, formatting, and dissemination of Personal Alert messages. The UPSEN enabling process is compatible with wireless broadcast technologies, standardized wireless devices, and adaptable to future wireless warning systems

 

• Enabling Platform:

The UPSEN Passive Data Wireless Syndication Platform is an automated Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) system that uses a Central Data Processing Unit to pull and process critical event data published by alert authority data hubs for passive dissemination via wireless broadcast and multicast technologies,

 

• Worldwide Coverage:

UPSEN seamlessly integrates terrestrial cellular and LEO satellite telecommunication services to ensure comprehensive, uninterrupted global wireless emergency alert coverage.

 

• Data Side Components

1. Authorized Alert Authority Data Hubs Originates and publishes CAP compliant critical event notifications,

 

2. Central Enabling Unit (CEU)                         

Specifications:​

Drives an unlimited scale of Auxiliary Enabling Units,

Services up to 25 spectrum markets.

Poles an unlimited number of alert hub URLs.

Services an unlimited scale of wireless devices,

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Data Portal:                               

(a) Pull-Data Monitor

Scans UPSEN designated Alert Authority URLs for critical event intelligence updates

Collects data from the URLs included in the UPSEN Registry,

(b) Database Registry

Compilation of authorized alert authority data hubs,

(c) Data Filter

Rejects non-Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) compliant data,

(d) Records Generator

Generates system activity log,

Acknowledges content retrieval,​

Records message type and content source

Produces the UPSEN Personal Alert messaging proposal

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Data Processing Platform:

(e) Content Agent

            Screens data for UPSEN specific content, 

            Establishes UPSEN messaging geo polygon dissemination coordinates,  

(f) Translator Tool

             Translates messaging content into UN recognized languages

(g)  Data Management

                         Assigns the data distribution protocol,

   Interfaces with wireless technologies

   Converts CAP messaging coordinates to wireless distribution system polygons

(h)  Data Handler

                        Determines what wireless MON and satellite broadcast providers are indicated,

                        Collects MON Cell Plan data

                        Generates Direct-to-Device receptor cells

                        Establishes the message timing

                        Compiles distribution records

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• Radio Side Components

Regional Enabling Unit (AEU)

Specifications:

Supports up to 5 million connected users (max)

Interface with a 2,000 Cellular Base Stations

Services 2,000 Direct-to-Device Geo-Transmission Cells

Services 10 Spectrum Markets (max)

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Data Interface Platform

(i)  Data Addressing

 Compiles Device-Based Geo-Fencing (DBGF) geo polygon coordinates,

                       Converts CAP polygon coordinates to broadcast technology distribution coordinates,

(j)   Data Router

  Directs text messaging data to geo-determined wireless distribution systems 

(k)   Wireless Handler                                                                             

  Provides engineered interface with D2D and cellular broadcast protocols

(l)    Shared Broadcast Centre

  Enables wireless broadcast messaging in non-equipped Mobile Operator Networks

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Wireless Broadcast Technologies

1. Cell Broadcast enabled Mobile Operator Networks

2. Non-Cell Broadcast enabled Mobile Operator Networks

3. Direct-to-Device technologies

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Data Terminals​

1. Mobile Telecom Handsets

2. LEO Satellite Receivers

3. M2M Alerting Devices

4. Intergrated Public Warning Systems (IPAWS)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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The UPSEN Program is administered by a nonprofit NGO alliance of Personal Telecommunication providers and regulatory nations…      

The “UPSEN Mobile Alliance” is to include advisory members representing; UN agencies, industry standards bodies, and technology vendors, under the direction of the CEASA Critical Communication Working Group, and will require financial commitments totaling one million CHF (1.25M USD)

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• The Mission:

The mission of the UPSEN Alliance is to establish a corporate and legal framework for administering UPSEN Personal Alert Messaging as a standard spectrum obligation of wireless telecommunication licensing, in accordance with the Alliance's bylaws.

 

• Management:

The alliance shall be formed by interim management appointed through the Cellular Emergency Alert Services Association with the aim of.

1. Securing financial underwriting as determined by the UPSEN Program Revenue Statement,

2. Establishing an Interim Executive Board comprised of; an acting Executive Director appointed by the CEASA board, a nonprofit association consultant, with representatives from; Land Mobile Telecommunications networks, the G5 Satellite Telecommunications Service providers, and the UN Early Warning for All Initiative Advisory Panel,

• Initiative:

The adoption of reliable, transparent, legal, and non-discriminatory policies and regulatory measures to optimize the benefits of the UPSEN Worldwide Warning Program.

 

• Membership:

Alliance memberships will be open to:

1. The UPSEN Partnered Wireless Service Providers,

2. EW4A Forum members

3. Regulatory states,

4. Alliance Sponsors,

5. UN Registered Alert Authorities

6. Non-voting Associate members,    

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So what are THE NUMBERS

                                                                                                          

                                                                                                               PER 5M UTILITY                            PER MOBILE USER                 

                                                                                                                                                                   ​

UPSEN ENABLING UTILITY (UEU) INVESTMENT RANGE:          $7.250M-$4.543M US                   $1.450-$0.909 US/USER        $0.121-$0.076 US/MO                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

• CENTRAL ENABLING UNIT CEU)                                     $2.700M-$1.750M US                    $0.540-$0.350 US/USER         $0.045-$0.030 US/MO

​​Setup Programming Costs:                                                     $2.200M-$1.500M US      

 Pull Data Portal Platform:                                             $0.450M-$0.325M US

 (a)  Content Selector Programming                            $0.300M-$0.250M (Budgeted)

 (b)  Database Registry Programming                          $0.050M-$0.025M (Budgeted)

 (c)  Data Filter Programming                                        $0.050M-$0.025M (Budgeted)

 (d)  Records Generation Programming                       $0.050M-$0.025M (Budgeted)

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 Data Processing Platform:                                            $1.250-$0.925M US

                       (e) Content Agent Programming                               $0.200M-$0.150M (Budgeted)

            (f)  Messaging Translation Tool                                   $0.050M-$0.050M (Budgeted)

            (g)  Data Management Programming                        $0.750M-$0.550M (Budgeted)

            (h)  Data Handler Programming                                 $0.250M-0.$175M (Budgeted)

Deployment Engineering:                                                        $0.500M-$0.250M US 

​Systems Engineering:                                                               $0.500M-$0.250M US

 

• 5M AUXILIARY ENABLING UNIT (AEU) INVESTMENT:       $2.450M-0.925M US                      $0.490-$0.185 US/USER        $0.041-$0.015 US/MO

Setup Programming Costs:                                                     $0.400M-0.325M US

Data Dissemination Platform                                                 $0.400M-$0.325M US

(i)   Dissemination Program                                           $0.250M-$0.250M (Budgeted)

(j)   Data Router Program                                               $0.125M-$0.050M (Budgeted)

(k)  Systems Handler Program                                      $0.025M-$0.025M (Budgeted)

Technology Investment                                                           $0.750M-$0.350M US

(l)   Shared CBC (3G 4G/5G Compatible)                     $0.750M-$0.350M (Budgeted)

 

Engineering Cost:                                                                     $1,250M-$0.250M US                                                   

        CB Interface Engineering                                                $0.750M-0.000M (Budgeted)

        LEO Satellite Technology Interface                               $0.500M-0.250M (Budgeted)      

 

• FINANCING (Year-One @ 26 APR)                                          $2.100M-$1.868M US                    $0.420-$0.377 US/USR           $0.035-$0.031 US/MO

 

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PER ANNUM OPERATING COST RANGES:                                   $7.832M-6.191M US                       $1.566M-$1.239M US             $0.130-$0.104 US/MO

 

• CENTRAL ENABLING UNIT (CEU) PER ANNUM COSTS:     $5.516M-4.533M US                      $1.103-$0.907 US/USER          $0.092-$0.076 US?MO 

Annual Technology                                                                                - 0 -                                                         -0-                                          

          Annual Engineering Costs:                                                  $0.500M-$0.250M US

System Maintenance                                                      $0.500M-$0.250M (Budgeted)

Annual Operating Cost:                                                        $2.700M-$2.625M US          

VPN Tunneling (Per Annum)                                         $0.150M-$0.100M (Estimated)

Messaging Translation Tool (Per Annum)                   $0.050M-$0.025M (Budgeted)

DEU Platform Licensing (Per Annum)                         $1.000M-$1.000M (Contracted)

Corporate Administration                                             $1.500M-$1.500M (Budgeted)

(Administrative NGO)

 

• AUXILIARY ENABLING UNIT (AEU) PER ANNUM COSTS: $2.316M-$1.658 US                        $0.463-$0.332 US                    $0.039-$0.028 US/MO

 

Annual Technology Costs:                                                                   - 0 -                                                 -0-                                           -0-

 

Annual Engineering Costs:                                                 $0.566M-$0.258M US                      $0.113-$0.053 US                    $0.009-$0.004 US/MO

CBC Maintenance                                                        $0.150M-$0.050M (Contract)

Systems Maintenance                                                   0.416M-$0.208M (Estimated)

 

• OPERATIONS:                                                                            $1.750M-%1.400M US           

System Maintenance:                                                             $0.500M-$0.250M (Budgeted)

VPN Tunnelling:                                                                        $0.250M-$0.150M (Estimated)

Wireless Operator Compensation:                                       $0.500M-$0.500M (Budgeted)

Enabling Utility Licensing:                                                       $0.500M-$0.500M (Contracted)

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• NON-INTEREST-BEARING OBLIGATIONS:                           $0.946M US                                      $0.190 US ​

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